![]() US estimations indicate that diabetes costs many billion dollars annually in direct medical costs as well as in indirect costs (loss of work, disability, loss of life). In males its presence is related to abnormal sexual characteristics.ĭiabetes is the sixth leading cause of death, and the fifth leading cause of death from disease in the world. Prolactin level icrease during pregnancy, peaking immediately after delivery and is needed to stimulate the milk production in the breast to feed the newborn. Increased levels of hCG in males can be due to the presence of germinoma, a very aggressive cancer of the testis. Monitoring of the correct implantation of the embryo and its growth can be performed during the first 3 months with hCG, which is an hormone secreted by the syncytium trophoblast in women (this tissue is not present in males). ![]() These hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland wich stimulate the testis and ovary to produce additional hormones such as Testosteronefor production of spermatozoa, Estradiol and Progesterone to make the ovulum available for a possible fecundation and prepare the uterus for the implantation of the embryo. In males and females the proper functions can be investigated through the determination of the principal parameters for example LH and FSH. Dysfunction of the reproductive axis can be due to inappropriate secretion of the related hormones.
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